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这篇文章主要介绍“Hadoop2.x的安装步骤”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在Hadoop2.x的安装步骤问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答”Hadoop2.x的安装步骤”的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！
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一、安装配置
1.创建hadoop用户(我是添加到root group，也可以新增hadoop group)
[root@hftclclw0001 ~]# useradd hadoop [root@hftclclw0001 ~]# usermod -g root [root@hftclclw0001 ~]# cat /etc/passwd ... ... hadoop:x:50295:0::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash [root@hftclclw0001 ~]# chmod 644 /etc/suders [root@hftclclw0001 ~]# vi 644 /etc/suders ... ... root ALL=(ALL) ALL hadoop ALL=(ALL) ALL ...
2.ssh免密码登陆
[hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa [hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop]$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys [hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop]$ tree ~/.ssh/ /home/hadoop/.ssh/ ├── authorized_keys ├── id_rsa ├── id_rsa.pub └── known_hosts 0 directories, 4 files 操作其他各个机器，并复制公钥(d_rsa.pub)到其他各个机器的authorized_keys中。我使用的scp，复制到其他机器，再使用cat追加到authorized_keys文件中
3. 下载hadoop-2.x.y.tar.gz
[root@hftclclw0001 hadoop]# pwd /home/hadoop [root@hftclclw0001 hadoop]# tar -zxvf hadoop-2.7.1.tar.gz [root@hftclclw0001 hadoop]# ll total 546584 drwx------ 11 hadoop root 4096 Oct 20 09:05 hadoop-2.7.1 -rw------- 1 hadoop root 210606807 Oct 20 09:00 hadoop-2.7.1.tar.gz drwx------ 13 hadoop root 4096 Oct 20 09:22 spark-1.5.1-bin-hadoop2.6 -rw------- 1 hadoop root 280901736 Oct 20 09:19 spark-1.5.1-bin-hadoop2.6.tgz drwx------ 22 hadoop root 4096 Oct 21 00:07 sqoop-1.99.6-bin-hadoop200 -rw------- 1 hadoop root 68177818 May 5 22:34 sqoop-1.99.6-bin-hadoop200.tar.gz
4.配置hadoop-2.x.y
[hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop]$ pwd /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.1/etc/hadoop [hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop]$ vi hadoop-env.sh # The java implementation to use. export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest => 配置java_home [hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop]$ vi core-site.xml[hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop]$ vi hdfs-site.xml hadoop.tmp.dir /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.1/tmp => 需创建，默认在/tmp下fs.defaultFS hdfs://{master:IP}:9000 [hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop]$ vi mapred-site.xml dfs.http.address {master:ip}:50070 dfs.replication 2 =>我这有3台机器，2台datanode 1台Namenode[hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop]$ vi yarn-env.sh ... export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest ... [hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop]$ vi yarn-site.xml mapreduce.framework.name yarn yarn.resourcemanager.hostname =>需要配置，在启动时候nodemanager会访问resouremanager{master:ip} [hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop]$ vi masters =>其实作用的secondary namenode在那个节点上 {master:ip} [hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop]$ vi slaves =>作用的datanode再那些节点上 {slave-1:ip} {slave-2:ip} yarn.nodemanager.aux-services mapreduce_shuffle
5. 复制到其他机器
[hadoop@hftclclw0001 ~]$ pwd
/home/hadoop
[hadoop@hftclclw0001 ~]$ scp -r hadoop-2.7.1 hadoop@{ip}:/home/hadoop6.启动
[hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop-2.7.1]$ ./bin/hadoop namenode -format [hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop-2.7.1]$ pwd /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.1 [hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop-2.7.1]$ ./sbin/start-dfs.sh => 启动dfs， jps查看进程 master:namenode ,secondary namenode slave:datanode [hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop-2.7.1]$ ./sbin/start-yarn.sh =>启动yarn
7.验证
a.jps => 校验各个进程
b.netstat => 校验端口
c.webui => 可以校验cluster整体状况
d.也可以操作hdfs、或是submit mr job
[hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop-2.7.1]$ pwd
/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.1
[hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop-2.7.1]$ ./bin/hdfs dfs -ls /
...
...
[hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop-2.7.1]$ ./bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir /test
...
...
[hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop-2.7.1]$ ./bin/hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.1.jar wordcount {in} {out}
[hadoop@hftclclw0001 hadoop-2.7.1]$ ./bin/hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.1.jar pi 10 10二、trouble shooting
文件写入权限问题
当外部程序写入hdfs时，默认都要进行用户认证。如按照上述配置，只能hadoop账户可以写hdfs
dfs.premissions.enabled=true 即对用户进行认证。修改为false
dfs.datanode.data.dir.perm=700 即本地目录的写入权限。修改为755
到此，关于“Hadoop2.x的安装步骤”的学习就结束了，希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习，快去试试吧！若想继续学习更多相关知识，请继续关注创新互联网站，小编会继续努力为大家带来更多实用的文章！
