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本文主要介绍elasticsearch集群数据备份及恢复，利用共享文件系统，通过快照方式备份。
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一、配置修改
1.配置文件必须添加如下参数
path.repo: /mnt/backups/es_mybak
二、数据备份
1.创建备份仓库
curl -XPUT 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup' -d '{ "type": "fs", "settings": { "location": "/mnt/backups/es_mybak" } }' [root@node1 local]# curl -XPUT 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup' -d '{ > "type": "fs", > "settings": { > "location": "/mnt/backups/es_mybak" > } > }' {"acknowledged":true}给我们的仓库取一个名字，在本例它叫 EsBackup 。
我们指定仓库的类型应该是一个共享文件系统，这里采用nfs。
最后，我们提供一个已挂载的设备(/mnt/backups/es_mybak )作为目的地址。
注意：共享文件系统路径必须确保集群所有节点都可以访问到。
2.查询备份仓库
[root@node1 local]# curl -XGET 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot?pretty' { "EsBackup" : { "type" : "fs", "settings" : { "location" : "/mnt/backups/es_mybak" } } }3.备份所有索引
curl -XPUT 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup/snapshot_all' [root@node1 local]# curl -XPUT 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup/snapshot_all' {"accepted":true}4.查看备份快照
curl -XGET 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup/snapshot_all?pretty' [root@node1 elasticsearch6]# curl -XGET 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup/snapshot_*?pretty' { "snapshots" : [ { "snapshot" : "snapshot_all", "uuid" : "MRTYocxBT4qgwtpu_6jdpg", "version_id" : 5000199, "version" : "5.0.1", "indices" : [ "els_student_hnr05", "hnrtest", "els_student_hnr03", "els_student", "els_student_hnr02", "els_student_hnr04", "els_python01", "els_student_hnr01" ], "state" : "SUCCESS", "start_time" : "2017-05-17T10:00:46.860Z", "start_time_in_millis" : 1495015246860, "end_time" : "2017-05-17T10:00:54.209Z", "end_time_in_millis" : 1495015254209, "duration_in_millis" : 7349, "failures" : [ ], "shards" : { "total" : 40, "failed" : 0, "successful" : 40 } } ] }5.备份部分索引
curl -XPUT 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup/snapshot_els_student_hnr05' -d '{ "indices": "els_student_hnr05" }' [root@node1 elasticsearch6]# curl -XPUT 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup/snapshot_els_student_hnr05' -d '{ "indices": "els_student_hnr05" }' {"accepted":true}6.查看备份快照
curl -XGET 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup/snapshot_els_student_hnr05?pretty' 查看快照的详细信息，可以看到每个shard的信息 curl -XGET 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup/snapshot_els_student_hnr05/_status?pretty' [root@node1 elasticsearch6]# curl -XGET 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup/snapshot_els_student_hnr05?pretty' { "snapshots" : [ { "snapshot" : "snapshot_els_student_hnr05", "uuid" : "hsSkWa63Ss6MJjh0Eo4arA", "version_id" : 5000199, "version" : "5.0.1", "indices" : [ "els_student_hnr05" ], "state" : "SUCCESS", "start_time" : "2017-05-18T00:58:35.699Z", "start_time_in_millis" : 1495069115699, "end_time" : "2017-05-18T00:58:36.396Z", "end_time_in_millis" : 1495069116396, "duration_in_millis" : 697, "failures" : [ ], "shards" : { "total" : 5, "failed" : 0, "successful" : 5 } } ] }三、.部分索引数据恢复
1.查询索引
curl -XGET '192.168.115.11:9200/_cat/indices?v' health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size green open els_student_hnr05 mkvmTguZS4m1wGKbB8TOEw 5 1 99 0 124.7kb 62.3kb green open hnrtest Y-bjuEPLQTGGP88EafDlyg 5 1 0 0 1.5kb 795b green open els_student_hnr03 _UHB6P-fRfucH7lEyE-C7g 5 1 99 0 146.7kb 73.3kb green open els_student JC69IBEjTji8jU6bxCDE3A 5 1 999 0 495.9kb 247.9kb green open els_student_hnr02 k-aLl7tzRUyRfwJs8O0-kA 5 1 99 0 109.8kb 54.9kb green open els_student_hnr04 zAkj7GvfQ-CqmuFMJUTSuA 5 1 99 0 162.8kb 81.4kb green open els_python01 wmdREADVQmCX773_JDL46Q 5 1 0 0 1.5kb 795b green open els_student_hnr01 BJlcIp7mS0ii9nDYj8UDyQ 5 1 100 0 109.2kb 54.6kb2.删除索引els_student_hnr05
[root@node1 elasticsearch6]# curl -XDELETE 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/els_student_hnr05' {"acknowledged":true}3.根据snapshot_els_student_hnr05快照恢复索引
curl -XPOST 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup/snapshot_els_student_hnr05/_restore' [root@node1 elasticsearch6]# curl -XPOST 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup/snapshot_els_student_hnr05/_restore' {"accepted":true}4.再次查看索引
[root@node1 elasticsearch6]# curl -XGET '192.168.115.11:9200/_cat/indices?v' health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size green open hnrtest Y-bjuEPLQTGGP88EafDlyg 5 1 0 0 1.5kb 795b green open els_student_hnr05 S3AsHa4dRtuXXZ3uIDGvuQ 5 1 99 0 124.7kb 62.3kb被删除的索引els_student_hnr05已经恢复回来
四、数据完全恢复
1.关闭所有节点，删除数据目录下的所有数据，重新启动集群
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep -v grep | grep elasticsearch | awk '{print $2}')
2.重新启动集群
3.创建备份仓库
curl -XPUT 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup' -d '{ "type": "fs", "settings": { "location": "/mnt/backups/es_mybak" } }'4.查看备份快照
curl -XGET 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup/snapshot_*?pretty' { "snapshots" : [ { "snapshot" : "snapshot_all", "uuid" : "MRTYocxBT4qgwtpu_6jdpg", "version_id" : 5000199, "version" : "5.0.1", "indices" : [ "els_student_hnr05", "hnrtest", "els_student_hnr03", "els_student", "els_student_hnr02", "els_student_hnr04", "els_python01", "els_student_hnr01" ], "state" : "SUCCESS", "start_time" : "2017-05-17T10:00:46.860Z", "start_time_in_millis" : 1495015246860, "end_time" : "2017-05-17T10:00:54.209Z", "end_time_in_millis" : 1495015254209, "duration_in_millis" : 7349, "failures" : [ ], "shards" : { "total" : 40, "failed" : 0, "successful" : 40 } }, { "snapshot" : "snapshot_els_student_hnr05", "uuid" : "hsSkWa63Ss6MJjh0Eo4arA", "version_id" : 5000199, "version" : "5.0.1", "indices" : [ "els_student_hnr05" ], "state" : "SUCCESS", "start_time" : "2017-05-18T00:58:35.699Z", "start_time_in_millis" : 1495069115699, "end_time" : "2017-05-18T00:58:36.396Z", "end_time_in_millis" : 1495069116396, "duration_in_millis" : 697, "failures" : [ ], "shards" : { "total" : 5, "failed" : 0, "successful" : 5 } } ] }5.恢复数据
curl -XPOST 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup/snapshot_all/_restore'6.查询索引
[root@node1 elasticsearch6]# curl -XGET '192.168.115.11:9200/_cat/indices?v' health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size green open hnrtest LNkwevA2Sr2Jgue1oLRIGA 5 1 0 0 1.5kb 795b green open els_student 6aE8M7KMRN2EdievhDBXcw 5 1 999 0 495.9kb 247.9kb green open els_student_hnr04 8hXeVjXYRhS5POdy3hnMuQ 5 1 99 0 162.8kb 81.4kb green open els_student_hnr01 afVLqgxpTqii6pNObLC2sA 5 1 100 0 109.2kb 54.6kb green open els_student_hnr05 jzHPY_TlSEm-ZEXWz0sz4Q 5 1 99 0 124.7kb 62.3kb green open els_student_hnr02 f3hqeM1pQkWttZifnCCQDQ 5 1 99 0 109.8kb 54.9kb green open els_python01 4_vFwhn0RCi3SZbz2bORCw 5 1 0 0 1.5kb 795b green open els_student_hnr03 esFyZMwwTaeLf7YrKxyYjQ 5 1 99 0 146.7kb 73.3kb 至此所有索引已经完全恢复
五、从全部索引快照中恢复单个索引
1.删除索引els_student_hnr05
curl -XDELETE 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/els_student_hnr05'2.恢复被删除的索引els_student_hnr05
curl -XPOST 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup/snapshot_all/_restore' -d '{ "indices": "els_student_hnr05", "rename_replacement": "restored_index_$1" }'六、删除快照
curl -XDELETE 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup/snapshot_els_student_hnr05' curl -XDELETE 'http://192.168.115.11:9200/_snapshot/EsBackup/snapshot_all'另外有需要云服务器可以了解下创新互联cdcxhl.cn，海内外云服务器15元起步，三天无理由+7*72小时售后在线，公司持有idc许可证，提供“云服务器、裸金属服务器、高防服务器、香港服务器、美国服务器、虚拟主机、免备案服务器”等云主机租用服务以及企业上云的综合解决方案，具有“安全稳定、简单易用、服务可用性高、性价比高”等特点与优势，专为企业上云打造定制，能够满足用户丰富、多元化的应用场景需求。
